Ethics and the

    Columbia River Treaty


    Righting Historic Wrongs

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     Alfred Joseph

    Chief, ?akisq’nuk First Nation


Alfred Joseph is chief of the ?akisq’nuk First Nation which is part of the Ktunaxa Nation in southeastern BC, northwest Montana and northern Idaho. 


?a’kisq’nuk is at the uppermost headwaters of the Columbia River at Columbia Lake, 2000 km. upstream for the mouth of the river, where chinook salmon used to migrate and spawn in Dutch Creek and at Fairmont and Athalmere. 


Alfred represents his community on the Ktunaxa Lands and Resources Council and the Ktunaxa Nation Executive Council.  Alfred is a respected Ktunaxa knowledge-keeper, rancher, horseman and teacher.